This study shows that people have mixed feelings toward AI teammates but hold a positive attitude toward future collaboration with AI teammates in general. Considering the context-dependency of teamwork, we chose to study human-AI teaming in the context of multiplayer online games as a case study. To achieve an in-depth understanding of how people perceive AI teammates and what they expect from AI teammates in human-AI teaming, we conducted a survey with 213 participants and a follow-up interview with 20 participants. While human-AI collaboration has been investigated in various domains, more research is needed to explore human perceptions and expectations of AI teammates in human-AI teaming. The discussion focuses on understudied areas in MMORPGs research aiming to advance future inquiry that addresses current challenges.ĭriven by state-of-the-art AI technologies, human-AI collaboration has become an important area in computer-supported teamwork research. Yet, most MMORPGs research focuses on the investigation of the communication skill (22% of the skills examined), whilst creativity and innovation as well as problem solving and information literacy are largely unexplored in this context.
The results revealed a strong body of evidence suggesting that MMORPGs are spaces in which a variety of 21st Century Skills can be fostered. The current work considered 120 research publications and categorized 49 empirical studies according to their research foci and results on one or more types of 21st Century Skills. This review sought to determine the level of maturity of the body of MMORPGs research and to identify lacks of knowledge, with respect to 10 types of 21st Century Skills.
Using the KSAVE (Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, Values, Ethics) 21st Century Skills framework, this paper presents the current state of the art in MMORPGs empirical research from 2010 to 2016, considering the latest overview reported in 2010. In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in studying the educational affordances of Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPGs).
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